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Google Scholar

scholar.google.com

Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine developed by Google that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across a wide array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in 2004, the platform enables users to search for digital or physical copies of articles, theses, books, abstracts, and court opinions from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities, and other scholarly websites. Its business focus centers on providing a comprehensive discovery tool for researchers and professionals, featuring citation-tracking capabilities through Google Scholar Citations and advanced search filters to facilitate academic research, benchmarking, and the integration of science-based knowledge into industry practices.